Environmental Geology Essay

In 2006, seismic researchers can predict the location and direction of earthquakes by merely 10 to 20 minutes before it happens. Researchers use ultrasounds to assess earthquakes faster. Precise ultrasound images were recorded from the fault which is ruptured and the direction the rupture goes (American Institute of Physics [AIP], 2006). In 2008, seismic researchers can now predict earthquakes with much more preciseness and earlier than other previous equipments. A researcher from Rice University named Fenglin Nui and some of his colleagues are currently working on some experiments that can detect earthquake in a much earlier time. The method they use is detecting P-waves with the use of some super sensitive instrument called the Seismic Stress Meter. P-waves are the fastest of all the waves associated with earthquakes (Rice University, 2008). 2. (20 pts) What are the lessons learned from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China? What are the lessons learned from the 1985 Mexican earthquake? Discuss. The destructive earthquake that hit Sichuan region in China brought lessons that seismic researchers deem helpful in predicting earthquakes. Sichuan region is located in highly mountainous area that is active and could be attributed to the earthquake hazard that happened. Topographic analysis can now help scientists to assess area that has high risks of having earthquakes (Pennsylvania State University, 2008). The destructive earthquakes in Mexico City made a realization for a civil engineers association. They all realized that their building codes where buildings are designed to be built still are of no level with the earthquake intensities in Mexico. A problem arises when the soft clay layer of the ground was struck by the earthquake. The soft clay layer of ground started to transmit more movements higher than what engineers have expected. The ground shook buildings in Mexico much longer than what is expected (Peterson, 1986). 3. (15 pts) Discuss the 2008/2009 Chaiten volcanic eruptions in Chile. What are the implications of this natural disaster on the local residents? Chaiten volcanic eruption was one that local residents never expected to happen. The Chaiten volcano was said to be dormant for almost 10,000 years now. But surprisingly and unexpectedly, the volcano has shown activity and after a few days it erupted. Many residents were evacuated from near the volcano. About 4000 people within 6 mile radius from southern region of Chile were evacuated. The town near the volcano was almost buried in ashes just like what happened to Pompeii when Mount Vesuvius erupted. The sudden eruption after a long sleep gave residents fear of the volcano erupting again at any given time (University of Colorado, 2008). 4. (15 pts) Explain two different measures that can be taken to prevent, or at least minimize, the occurrence of landslides. One of the most effective measures that can be taken to prevent occurrences of landslides is through afforestation. Trees can greatly contribute to minimizing numbers of landslides in many ways. Trees can help absorb water from the soil. Water is said to be one of the main cause of landslides. Another is that trees can hold the soil firmly in the ground also minimizing the landslide occurrences. Another measure that can be used to prevent landslides is by creating levees or dykes. In this method, landslides are prevented by building walls usually near rivers which regulates water levels that cause the landslides (People’s Daily Online, 2000). 5. (10 pts) What is the mechanical paradox implied by long runout landslides? Heavy rain is said to have started landslides. So, one might think that landslides move and accelerate together with water. The long runout landslides are really caused by heavy rains but there is really no water associated with the movement and acceleration of landslides. The movement and acceleration of landslides are associated with the pressure vibrations called the acoustic fluidization. As the land slides pressure vibrations were generated making a frictionless effect to the ground which causes the land mass to move like a fluid (Collins and Melosh, 2007). References American Institute of Physics. (2006, April 1) Real-Time Quake Detection:Seismologists Use Ultrasounds to Assess Quakes Faster. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http://www. sciencedaily. com/videos/2006/0406-realtime_quake_detection. htm Collins, G. and Melosh, H. (2007, July 15). Acoustic Fluidization and the Extraordinary Mobility of Sturzstroms. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from http://amcg. ese. ic. ac. uk/~gareth/publications/abstracts/lpsc03b. pdf Pennsylvania State University. (2008, July 24). Chinese Earthquake Provides Lessons For Future. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com ¬

Sustainable architecture for sustainable future

Sustainable Architecture for a Sustainable Future Our environment today suffers from many issues. The most important one from a constructor's point of view would be the resources depletion problem. Freshwater resources are declining, the soil is loosing its fertility, and there is a crucial shortage in basic minerals such as zinc, copper, and phosphorus. These deficiencies would definitely lead to a slowdown in construction growth. According to Reran Named (2012) construction is the less sustainable business in the world because it uses around 50% of all non- renewable resources (8).Therefore, in order to be able to keep growing in construction, architects and contractors must change their approach, which would mean that they have to adopt a more CEO-friendly vision in terms of architecture; â€Å"Green building†. The term is now frequently used by newspapers, online articles, or even on TV, but what does it really mean? In Building Green in Pennsylvania, a green building is d escribed as â€Å"one whose construction and lifetime of operation assure the healthiest possible environment while representing the most efficient and least disruptive use of land, water, energy and resources†(l).An example of this type of buildings would be The Change Initiative (TIC) in Dublin, a flagship store where one can shop for green materials. The building is platinum certified by LED, a non-profit organization dedicated to promote green buildings worldwide. TIC produces 40% of its own energy requirement, the water is reused, and almost all materials used inside are submitted for recycling. After having been exposed to all of the positive impacts of sustainable architecture, one must surely consider green building as the definite future of construction.The first and main reason for using a Green strategy in construction would be to rooter the environment. Buildings and the Environment: A Statistical Summary shows that, in 2005, 38. 9% of the energy in the US is cons umed by constructions, with residential buildings consuming more than the half of this percentage. The study also concludes that the electricity consumption of commercial and residential buildings in the states was 72% of its total electricity consumption in 2006. (2).This massive electricity consumption meaner more energy consumption, which leads to more emissions by fossil fuels which are known for causing acid rain, smog, and many other environmental issues. Green buildings address these countless problems by making use of daylight and solar power that help reduce electricity consumption. Another green building strategy is rainwater recycling which help conserve potable water and increase the amount of saved water. The construction business has its share in causing pollution, but climate change would be the last idea to occur to one's mind as being a problem caused by construction.Brown, M. A. , & Southward, F. (2006) point out that greenhouse gas (Sighs) emission is one of the p rimary causes of climate change, and one of the least-cost approaches to reduce it is energy-efficient instruction (1). Buildings are responsible for 43% of the CA emission, and for an average of 8% of other Eggs (4). A sustainable building would address these emissions by integrating some of the latest technologies; Green buildings use advanced techniques such as reflective roof products, low-E coating for windows, using materials from demolished buildings, and natural heating and air-conditioning, and Brown, M.A. , & Southward, F (2006) assert that these ecological strategies can reduce energy consumption and Sighs emissions by 30 to 40% (12). Another reason or benefit of building green is because sustainable constructions have a positive influence on humans' health. Pollution is one of the main causes of sicknesses and diseases, since sustainable architecture tends to avoid the use of polluting materials, it indirectly contributes in making the human health better. From a general approach, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. And Korma, S. (2010) present a survey in which they ask people about their health before and after moving to a green building. The preliminary studies based on the surveys conducted show that green buildings have eventually improved health and well-being (p. 6). In addition, Cats G. 2013) believes in The costs and financial benefits of green buildings that improving the quality of the environment in which a person uses information positively affects his health by lowering stress and therefore leads to longer lives.Sustainable constructions take into account the occupants' health and restrain their use of materials that can harm it in any way, while taking advantage of natural resources (6). Productivity is also a factor influenced by green buildings. In Effects of green buildings on employee health and productivity, Sings, A. , Seal, M. , Grady, S. C. , and Korma, S. 2010) confirm â€Å"The improvement in perceived productivity were fa irly substantial and could result in an additional 38. 98 work hours per year for each occupant of a green building†(6).Green thinking pushes architects to include more daylight in order to save electricity, and to use self-heating/cooling systems that would work on solar power. In his report The costs and financial benefits of green buildings, G. Cats (2013) explains:† Increases in tenant control over ventilation, temperature and lighting each provide measured benefits from 0. 5% up to 34%, with average measured workforce productivity gains of 7. % with lighting control, 1. 8% with ventilation control, and 1. 2% with thermal control. Additionally, significant measured improvements have been found with increased daylight. (6) According to these statements assessed by professionals, it is clear that green buildings affect productivity rates in a positive way by making workers more comfortable and therefore enhancing their creativity and inventiveness. G. Cats (2013) stres ses in The costs and financial benefits of green buildings on the importance of the quality of benefits that workers receive in their workplace, which will eventually attract the best employees. Environmentally friendly design seems perfect to some, but others may consider its flaws. The most common concern about green buildings is the lack of information about how much it costs.Due to the use of many unknown techniques and strategies that are unheard of to build green, a misconception made its way through the minds of many that sustainable buildings cost much more than traditional ones. Cats G. (2003) states in Green building costs and financial benefits that the average cost of a green building is lower than what people believe (8). Not only do green buildings cost less than expected, but they pay back for themselves ever the years. Cats G. (2013) discusses that the financial advantages of green buildings are more important than traditional ones'.The financial benefits of green bu ildings come from water saving and re-using, less need for energy, therefore less costs. These savings are over than 10 times the additional cost of these buildings (8). In addition, the property value increases due to the fact that green buildings need less maintenance and economies energy. From an economic point of view, sustainable constructions positively affect sales rates; A study accomplished by HEDGEHOGS MAHONEY GROUP has found that â€Å"Skylights were found to be positively and significantly correlated to higher sales.All other things being equal, an average non-skylight store in the chain would likely have 40% higher sales with the addition of skylights, with a probable range between 31% and 49%. â€Å"(as cited in Green building benefits (Para 12)) . Nature has always been the human race's mentor since the earliest of ages. Michael Pawl, a modern environmental architect, made an important point in a lecture he gave at TED in 2010:†life could learn to make things ND do things the way nature does, we could achieve factor 10, factor 100, maybe even factor 1,000 savings in resource and energy use†.The world has been surviving for over 4 billion years. In order for the humanity to do the same, it's up to the architects to take action and encourage this project that can save what's left of our polluted planet. It's about time to stop violating our planet that has suffered enough of human greed which has caused many tragedies such as deforestation, green fields and pure water sources pollution, rise of sea levels, and many more. It's about time to tart thinking about the new generations, by building them sustainable constructions that would improve the inside and outside environment.Besides reducing gas emissions, conserving water, and reducing waste, building Green has its economic benefits: Money wasted for producing energy and water would now be spared, not to mention the increase in the value of the building, the high productivity rates, and the sales improvement.

World Without Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are known to have been on Earth for more than a hundred years and in that long period of covering with different species they cease to be recognized as pests and disease spreading organisms that kills nearly one million people each year. This disadvantage to our community has led to the consideration of wiping them off the surface of the Earth. Primarily, this Idea would be beneficial to humans since not only the nuisance but also the spread of a number of pathogenic diseases would stop.However, while the study attempts to accentuate the benefit of eradicating hem it fails to elaborate its main problem and that is on how to actually get rid of the organism. This has become the study prior limiting factor for the reason that existing methods for killing mosquitoes have not yet been fully developed by scientists. All the more now since this organism manages to still exist and become resistant to the less toxic materials being used on them. Unfortunately the supposedly more e ffective yet at the same time more toxic chemical would be dangerous to man's health which should not be taken lightly by all means. The Idea of eradicating mosquitoes becomes concerned with the concept of sustainability with regard to Its economic and social sector. This involves the economy since funding Is given to health organizations most especially to countries with high malaria burden.While In the concept of social, since the welfare of the human beings is primary given importance the obvious benefit is that more lives will be saved and will no longer be infected by the diseases. However, the downside to this issue is that it would add to the increase in human population. Admittedly, the death and infection of humans for many years may be tragic but in the obvious sense t is nature's way of regulating its population. The research paper wants to point out that eradicating mosquitoes would not have serious consequences for ecosystems.Some scientists think that the removal of th e organism would â€Å"heal quickly' as the niche would be filled with other species. A raised concern could be that if the study has stated that only a few hundred species bother or bite humans, the Idea of totally eradicating the organism Is put Into question. Different studies have already proven that some species are useful as well as beneficial to other organisms. Despite all that, it is still becomes evident that unmans do not benefit from the mosquitoes.The benefit being presented is somewhat overshadowed by giving importance to â€Å"human comfort† based on what becomes the prevailing theme of the study. It was observed that the assumptions made in the study had similar notions. It all had the point of directly stating that the loss of the mosquitoes would be somewhat insignificant and they have not been much of a benefit to humans at all. However it is a good thing the study had shown objectivity by also presenting studies that come to show the organism's benefit to other organisms as well.The deferent ideas that have been Injected are supported by evidence. However, It Is good to take note of the study degree of uncertainty. It was also observed that some conclusions were not yet backed up by other studies and most of these were Just concluded through other people's research. And although there is that sense of objectivity, there is the would not be needed in this world. An improvement to this study could have been showing more certainty through different supporting evidences and that being more objective to the issue could have made readers think more critically.

I have decided to conduct my research on comparing and contrasting the Essay

I have decided to conduct my research on comparing and contrasting the romanticism and enlightenment period. I plan on focusing - Essay Example As â€Å"the government has re imposed the Anglican Book of Common prayers and has debarred the Non Conformists from holding religious meetings outside the established Church .A series of religion-fuelled crises forced Charles to dissolve Parliament, and led to the division of the country between two new political parties: Tories, who supported the king, and the Whigs, the king’s opponents.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Norton Anthology Of English Literature).Everything including Science went through development ,Time and Space were explored, development of Microscope and telescope opened new sense of vision, the authority of Aristotle and Ptolemy was broken and a new concepts were explored .The writers of this reign called this period Augustan as they believed that the English life has reached to the culminating period of civilization which existed in Rome under the rule of King Augustus. The art was formalized and there was little appreciation of Nature or beauty. The men of this age exalt ed the reason and regularity. They carried dislike for the emotions, enthusiasm and strong individuality as exhibited in the previous generation literature they sought for a conventional uniformity in manners, speech, and in everything else, and were uneasy if they deviated far from the approved, respectable standards of the body of their fellows. Great poetic imagination hardly exists among them. The poetry was full of abstract expressions and was intended to secure the elegance it often found substitute in superficiality instead of significant meanings. In the pursuit of highest possible perfection in the literature, as the ancients have achieved, their work resulted in shallow formal smoothness. Their strong tendency of moralising was also not free from conventionality and superficiality. In contrast to this was a period of Romanticism that saw the end of dominance of the Renaissance tradition. It observed the â€Å"fragmentation of consciousness away from the cultural authority of Rome† (Claire Lamont, 274); there was rediscovery of local cultures and vernacular literature. Romantic Literature is strong in many vernaculars of Rome as suggested by Claire Lamont in The Oxford Illustrated history Of English literature. The Romantic period saw the change in philosophy, politics and religion. It observed change in the art such as painting, music and literature. The Romanticism was a direct reaction to the rationalism of the Eighteenth century; it was a reaction to the physical world dominated by the science and the mental world dominated by the theories of Locke. The romantic poets rebelled against the ‘emphases’ on the commonsense and material as dominated by the preceding age. As the Romantic period coincided with the French Revolution there is much enactment of revolutionary ideas in the work of some of the poets. There are two generation of poets that represent the Romantic period, William Blake, Wordswoth and Coleridge are the elder gen eration of poets, and they were fired with revolutionary ideas. William Blake, one of the elder generation of poets was an engraver by profession and he was a great painter, he supplemented his training as painter and engraver by wide reading of the works of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton. The first collection of

IMC and Customer Satisfaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMC and Customer Satisfaction - Assignment Example Thirdly the advertising strategy must align to the marketing goals by ensuring that the advertising spends results in the expected revenue and marketing goals and thus ensuring that the resources spent on advertising are not wasted or spent in markets where little revenue is expected. There are different ways to measure the effectiveness of advertising but these vary from type of advertising that is being looked at and also in their accuracy. There isn’t a really scientific way of accurately measuring advertising per se but there are many ways of looking at the impacts of advertising and from that being able to get a measure of the effectiveness of a particular advertising strategy or campaign. The most important aspects of advertising that are measured include recall, recognition and revenue. Recall essentially measures how well a particular target of an advertising campaign or strategy can recall the messages that were advertised about a particular brand of good or service. Recognition is more to do with how well the targeted consumers are able to relate a particular advertising spot in whatever media it may be with either the product that is being advertised or the good and service that that advertisement is targeting (Olson, n.d). These two measures can both be done through conducting surveys of other scientific procedures such as focus group discussions. The third measurement of how effective an advertising campaign has been is the nature and types of income revenue that have resulted from that particular campaign. The change – increase or decrease – in the sales revenues prior to and after the advertising campaign will be a good indicator of the effectiveness of a particular advertising strategy or campaign. Promotion is essentially a two-way communication that deals directly with the consumer to enhance the marketing strategy and appeal to the consumers. There are nowadays a lot of promotional strategies which can be employed in addi tion to advertising to draw customers to a particular product or service. In addition to the promotional strategies there are also various ways in which these promotion strategies can be implemented, with the latest and the one that is now catching on being promotion through social media and other online contact. Some of the promotional strategies that can be employed include the use of contests with winners receiving various prizes. Such contests, especially those that encourage the purchase of a product or the use of a particular service are also quite effective in ensuring repeat customers and can encourage previously skeptical potential customers to try out a service or a good and if followed up with a clear and targeted advertising, can result in increasing the market pull of a product. Another promotional strategy that can be used is the offer of discounts and special prices to targeted members of the market in order to encourage them to either shift from a competing product o r make

Huamnities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Huamnities - Essay Example For example, he betrayed his wife by having an illicit affair with Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industry, justice and skill. Many themes, motifs and symbols are used in the film: the power of ingenuity over strength, the drawbacks of temptations, disguises, and the wedding bed. All of these film materials subtly imply the common flow of a depiction of classical heroism: the story starts with a conflict, which is followed by a journey, with temptations along the way, and the eventual victory. The Ancient Greeks developed the idea of a hero, a star, or a protagonist. Throughout history, heroism is mostly portrayed through paradox and paradigm. Greek gods can always be observed to be standing in the middle of the beauty of the gods and the susceptibility of humans in battles. Odysseus took a very critical role in the film; he is the leader, and thus, much is expected of him. Being sacrificed to the battle and the claims of personal magnificence and fame, he is destined to although sequestered from the civilization he desires to protect. In his delicate equilibrium between devil-like belligerence and compassion for his victims, classical heroism is raised to prominence but disputed. The inconsistencies of the nature of classical heroism are inculcated in primeval notions by the valour of a woman. Ancient heroines, especially Greek goddesses, arise from the locations of the battles, taken away from the meadows of fight, but still are fully impacted in them the predicaments wherein political allegiances go against each other, and where fierce slaughtering is the lone way for a solution to be achieved. There is an overwhelming consistency in the adaptation of struggle, lost, pain, heartache, temptation, and victory into the way classical heroism is being depicted, not just in film, but in other forms of arts. In the Odyssey, Odysseus had

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Business law - Essay Example Mary has not committed any tort because her derogatory remarks for Lonnie were not published. Also, the given facts do not indicate that she prompted Bill to make a citizen’s arrest. She was also unaware of the company’s new policy and her accusations were based on what Bill her told her. Lonnie has not committed any tort because he acted within the rules. He had paid for the colored pencils that he took. Bill and Mary’s not knowing was not Lonnie’s fault because he was not responsible for the promulgation of the new policy. Bill may defend himself using the fact that he did not have any knowledge of the company’s new policy. However, he will also have to prove that Lonnie concealed the colored pencils, he tried to get away with them and Bill’s 20 minute detention was because he was running away. If a claim of defamation is made against Mary, she can defend herself by contending that her derogatory speech to Lonnie was not published. She can also contend that Bill acted on his own when he made a faulty citizen’s arrest of Lonnie. Lonnie cannot by charged with any tort because he has not committed any tort. He acted upon his knowledge that his employer allowed him to purchase office supplies at cost and he took the colored pencils after paying for them. Bill made a citizen’s arrest of Lonnie upon his belief that he had stolen the colored pencils. His arrest is justified but the unreasonable detention is not. He must have been able to hand over the culprit to the police right away. If Lonnie was trying to run away and keeping on fighting, only then the 20 minute detention will be justified. 2. A contract that is formed by coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation, fraud or a mistake is a voidable contract. It is voidable at the option of the aggrieved party i.e. such party has the option to declare the contract void or valid. 5. The signage notification of an

How would you reduce cost and overcrowding while maintaining a system Essay

How would you reduce cost and overcrowding while maintaining a system of justice Take into account faith-based prison ministrie - Essay Example A lot of prisoners remain inside the prison for years because they cannot afford lawyers to pursue the cases or because they leave prisons only to commit more crimes and re-enter the prison thus overcrowding it. Since â€Å"prison costs doubled to $24.6 billion over the past decade, and experts foresee substantial increases in the future† (Maginnis), it is important to build faith-based prisons where faith-based programs should be offered to the prisoners. This is not only beneficial for the purification of their souls leading to less recidivism when they leave prison, but is also helpful in reducing costs because faith-based programs tend to save the taxpayers millions of operating cost while ensuring frequent parole. Hence, building faith-based prisons and implementing faith-based rehabilitation programs will reduce costs while reducing overcrowding at the same time since the convicts will most probably be better human beings while leaving the prisons reducing the crime rate and hence reducing overcrowding in prisons.

Project management coarse work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project management coarse work - Essay Example One such result is the Denver International Airport Baggage Handling Project. In order to highlight on the high regard placed on project management, it is imperative to cite an example of such catastrophic failure, which accrued from poor project management. The Denver International Airport is currently ranked as among the five busiest airports in the world. The baggage handling system had a budget allowance of five hundred and sixty million. As such, it is of magnitude that will best depict the importance of this art if indeed project management can be regarded as such. This paper will explicate on the exact failures of the project management team while simultaneously endeavoring to relay alternative courses of action that would have yielded the desired results, if not better. Analysis Few failed projects can rival the extent to which the Denver International Airport baggage handling system cost the American tax payer. Given this significant impact, it is not startling that there ex ists numerous data to be sourced from the web expounding on the project. It is on this rationale that the internet fashioned a core data source for this paper. However, these sources might conflict on trivial details, what they do agree on is the insurmountable figures that characterized the baggage handling system. ... The baggage handling system was to cut delays by tremendous figures while simultaneously slashing aircraft turn around to as little as thirty minutes. On paper, it was the perfect project on which the new airport could embark. However, the dissimilarity between how the project appears on paper and in the actual senses all depends on the efficacy of the project management team (Lock, 2007). The resultant system, which was put in place, was a mere shadow of the project that had been envisioned. It neither had the glamour nor the efficiency of the proposed system. The Denver International Airport baggage handling system best exemplifies dysfunctional decision making. A series of these flawed decisions transformed a remarkably brilliant undertaking into a laughable ghost of the original project. The question now becomes who is responsible for this failure. A number of key errors were made along the way but, the bulk of the blame ought to lie with the project management team (Project Mana gement Institute, 2008). This stems from the fact that, it was their mandated task to guarantee a smooth and definite transition of the project from paper into real life. Project managers should first seek to understand the nature of their projects before they embark on them. This is in relation to the respective complexity, schedule, scope and the allocated budget. After gaining this vital understanding, they should then endeavor to make decisions with these facts in mind. An oversight that was made is that; the complexities that were to accompany the project were not well understood and subsequently handled. Thus, when in the advanced stages of the project, when such complexities arose the team was not well positioned to react accordingly. The implementation of the

The Financial Aspects of Health Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Financial Aspects of Health Care - Assignment Example h respect to financing health care services; due to the fact that it has a direct relation with regard to be productivity, efficiency, and happiness of the populace that resides within its borders. With respect to the way that the above question is answered, it should not be understood that the government must be responsible for each and every aspect of healthcare payment. Instead, issues relating to cosmetic surgery and medical issues that do not involve direct health and well-being of the patient must be supported by the private sector; ultimately the responsibility of either insurance companies and/or the individual patient themselves. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that the government was responsible for all types of healthcare services, the system would necessarily be abused. Health insurers affect the cost of healthcare with respect to the fact that they are able to set premiums that an individual will be required to pay as a function of having access to their services. Likewise, employers affect the cost of healthcare due to the fact that they seek to defray the overall cost that an individual employee must pay by paying a percentage of the salary that they would otherwise devote to the employee as a function of bringing down the cost of the premiums. Likewise, patients affect the overall cost of healthcare with respect to the issues of supply and demand. Similarly, healthcare workers also affect the cost of health care in terms of issues of supply and demand as well as the overall salary that these individuals are responsible for receiving. Similarly, federal and state governments affect the cost of healthcare due to the fact that they oftentimes provide standardized cost of healthcare for those individuals that are able to afford it and therefore cre ate an unnatural barrier that offsets the cost that other individuals are responsible for paying (Miller, 2012). Similarly, taxpayers offset the cost of healthcare due to the fact that

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Economics - Essay Example Politicians from the developed nations and even the governments of the developing world expected their economies to boom once the trade barriers were removed, the free flow of capital permitted and modern technology used to increase productivity. However, with the process of unchecked globalization, the problems associated with it at times have taken a greater cost than the benefit provided. Of course the positive or negative impact of globalization has not only been felt by the people in the developing nations but also by people living in America. For example, a company which is heavily outsourcing some of its production abilities may give higher profits to the owners as a positive benefit of globalization. On the other hand, if the same company announces layoffs for American workers, globalization has shown the negative side of itself to those workers who lost their jobs in the process. Another central point made in the film which I feel is very important is the interconnection and dependence of the world economy on everything running smoothly in international terms. For example, an economic crisis in one country can have regional repercussions as exemplified by the case of the economic situation that developed in Brazil. If the country is strong enough or is a significant partner in global trade for many other countries, an economic crisis can shake the whole world into action as in the case of Japan. Finally, I think the most sobering message carried by the film was the idea that globalization and the use of technology will not be the answer to all the problems which are faced by the human civilization. Although these are good tools to help those who need them, they can also serve as tools to deprive some of their rights and disenfranchise those who are unable to be a part of the modern technological revolution. These can only be useful when their application is backed with an understanding of the issues and a belief that

Proposal for Changing Themes Paper Essay Example for Free

Proposal for Changing Themes Paper Essay Questions General General Questions Prepare a 350- to 700-word proposal for the Changing Themes Paper and Presentation that includes your selected theme, possible eras, authors, and an annotated bibliography with a minimum of six outside sources. Submit your Proposal for Changing Themes Paper and Annotated Bibliography Make a commitment to your education. If you go into school thinking of it like a big party, then thats exactly what youll get out of it. And you more than likely wont last the four years. A lot of money is being spent on your education, so you need to commit yourself to your success. This file contains ENG 302 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment: Proposal for Changing Themes Paper and Annotated Bibliography General Questions General General Questions Prepare a 350- to 700-word proposal for the Changing Themes Paper and Presentation that includes your selected theme, possible eras, authors, and an annotated bibliography with a minimum of six outside sources. Submit your Proposal for Changing Themes Paper and Annotated Bibliography Make a commitment to your education. If you go into school thinking of it like a big party, then thats exactly what youll get out of it. And you more than likely wont last the four years. A lot of money is being spent on your education, so you need to commit yourself to your success. This file contains ENG 302 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment: Proposal for Changing Themes Paper and Annotated Bibliography General Questions General General Questions Prepare a 350- to 700-word proposal for the Changing Themes Paper and Presentation that includes your selected theme, possible eras, authors, and an annotated bibliography with a minimum of six outside For downloading more tutorials visit https://bitly.com/1rubnus Make a commitment to your education. If you go into school thinking of it like a big party, then thats exactly what youll get out of it. And you more than likely wont last the four years. A lot of money is being spent on your education, so you need to commit yourself to your success. General Questions General General Questions Prepare a 350- to 700-word proposal for the Changing Themes Paper and Presentation that includes your selected theme, possible eras, authors, and an annotated bibliography with a minimum of six outside sources. Submit your Proposal for Changing Themes Paper and Annotated Bibliography

Development Of Industrial Relations In Hong Kong Commerce Essay

Development Of Industrial Relations In Hong Kong Commerce Essay In responding to the question, I agree with that the organization of industrial relations in Hong Kong has been less formalized and less centralized. There are three critical factors influenced the development of the industrial relations in Hong Kong. In the following essay, there will be a definition and description on industrial relations and the role of trade unions in Hong Kong. And discuss the background of economic, political and institutional sociology environment in post colony Hong Kong that affecting the function of trade union. Industrial Relations and Trade Union The terms of Industrial Relations is used to define the relationship and interactions between the employees (workers) and employers (management) within the organizational settings. Those interactions or activities were involved all aspects of the employment relationship, human resource management, employee relations and union-management relations. The main parties to the employment relationship and the key actors are workers and workers organizations (usually trade union), employers and managers and also the state (Bacon, 2009). Since there have difference perspective among employers, employees (workers) and trade unions (workers organization), the industrial relation means different things to different people. For workers, they wants fairness of employment outcome, better pay, workplace safety, job security and training, while employer wants more efficiency, more productivity, more flexibility in the workforce. In general, trade unions have a wide range of beneficial outcome. They can be the actor to force managers improve human resources management practices, being the role of consulting, promoting job equal opportunities, increasing job satisfaction and reducing labour turnover. Meanwhile, trade unions also acted as a representative of employee to voice out their needs as well as express their views and interests in the workplace. Furthermore, they can create issues covering on the wages and working hours, to encourage employees to be better producers for their employers and ensure employers provide better working conditions for employee through the activities of collective bargaining and negotiation. Thus, industrial relations were often subject to joint regulation which required cooperation among employee and employer participation in decision making. However, in Hong Kong, union effects nowadays appear to have reduced obviously or just apply limited effect in some special circumstance. It probably caused by the change of industrial relations since World War II, under the governance of Colonial British rule for 150 years prior to Chinas sovereignty. Critical factors leading that influence trade unions in Hong Kong Economic Factors First of all, from the aspect of economic factors, entrepot trade was the mainstay economy in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, with the declined of entrepot trade, the sudden influx of refugees and the capital from Shanghai and other major Chinese cities transferred to Hong Kong that influenced the movement of unions in labour relation. With the expansion of manufacturing sector (such as clothing and electronics) that facilitate the semi-worker and the skill transferred among difference industries. Manufacturing activities have accounted for the large share of labour force together with other sector, such as restaurants and hotels, wholesale and retail, commerce and finance (Ng, 1984). At that time, Small firm of individual business provided more employment opportunities. Hong Kong has accomplished a high rate of economic growth with lower unemployment rate. Under this circumstance, union membership is low and the collective bargaining is practically non-existent. There was no incentive to recognize trade unions or bargain collectively within workers. In addition, the perception of British voluntaristic tradition, gentlement agreement among the workplace are more significant than collective agreements, the lacking of legal obligation of enforceable contract that allow employer adjust their labour force in accordance to adapt with the market condition (Chiu and Levin,1996). Meanwhile, the new economic structure only focused to fit the economist prescription in the organizational level in regard of employment relations. Government had adopting a non-interventionist policies in the social and economic sphere that had no intention to restructure the industry by implementing regulation, tax policies or subsidies, remains the lowest taxes among the world to preserve economy incentives (Tang, 1999). It had created a capitalist framework of the economy that encourage private sector to pursuit the market capitalism. Furthermore, the free market approach, Laisse-faire policies initiated by the government on economic activities only consist with minimal regulatory, no minimum wage legislation, no fixing prices. That means people can buy from whom they want, to sell from whom they buy and to invest they want or to hire whom they want, to work for whom they want (Tang, 1999). As a result, the collusion between government and employer that emerged conflictual interest between labour and capital that empower employer over the labour process and employment relations by bargaining between individual employers and workers.(Chiu and Levin, 1999). Moreover, trade union in Hong Kong are all in political orientated, they are only interested in realizing political objective rather than seeking economic benefit for the workers through establishing formal rule making arrangement with employer (Chiu and Levin, 1999) Political and Sociology Factors The nature of political agreement for Hong Kongs revision to China was maintained the British rule of economic governance. Under this old model, administration worked was closely worked with business community that to ensure the stability of social and economic environment. Such policies were also included public housing programme, comprehensive system of education, public health, subsidized in transport and social service. Colonial government approach of non intervention policy that allowed business elite integrated largely in governance the system of colonial Hong Kong by formulating public policies in responds to the interests and demands of the dominant resources controller and economic elites (Chiu and Nevin, 1996). In the wake of the economic environment, a magnitude domestic disturbance posed major crises of legitimacy, which alert the colonial government had to build a new basis of legitimacy in order to increase the commitment to voluntarism (Chiu and Nevin, 1999) Since the Hong Kong Government had made a formal commitment for the civil servant over the employment term and condition that initiated the practice trend of civil-service to private-sector approach. This kind of voluntarist framework had influenced the development of private sector to be more formalized in labour relations in civil service that resulting a process of both formal and informal pressures on the dependent and cultural expectation within the organization. Meanwhile, trade union being recognised by the colonial government and creating formal channels for their participation in decision making on terms and condition of employment which is more advanced than other private sector employers. (Chiu and Nevin, 1996) Through the expanding minimum standards of employment not solely for the capitalist but also coincide the interest for vulnerable categories of employees in the workforce. The birth of the international legislation for women and child labour and the enactment of the Employment Ordinance and its subsequent amendments were established in 1920 and 1966-67 respectively in order to maintain domestic stability and legitimacy. The policy are set for prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status (Chiu and Levin, 1996). In addition, the set up of Labour Department in 1947, the establishment of the Employment Ordinance in 1974 (Chiu and Levin, 1996) and the reform of political structure in 1980s, establishment of district boards with elected members to advise the government on the matters affecting the welfare of the district (Tang, 1999),begun elected seats onto the Legislative Council as the British and Chinese government negotiated for Hong Kongs future. Political parties representing grass-root and labour interest were able to exercise far more to influence in the legislature (Tang, 1999). Since it opened up of the political system, small business and firms, as well as labour groups were more active in competing for political support to advance interests. Besides that, the establish of the Trade Unions and Trade Disputes Ordinance, that allow multiple union to form in the same trade, industry or enterprise that facilitate unions fragmentation and reducing potential untied opposition from organize d labour to colonial rule. The approach of positive non-intervention taken by Labour Department, emphasised not to impose tight control over unions activities and political orientation. However, the behaviour of the trade unions FTU CTU in Hong Kong, always fall into opposite and competition position between two Chinese government (pro-Chinese Communist Party and pro-Kuomintang Party) rather than using their resources to enhance the interest of workers through their domestic political action. Cultural Factors : The cultural factors of Neo-Confucian ideological which suggests workers in Chinese society accept authoritarian management and avoid confrontation with the employer (Chan and Snape, 2000). The traditional Chinese cultural of paternalism and instrumental individualism in the work place, can be interpreted as the collectivistic particularism of the Chinese family (Ng, 1984) which is a concept of utilitarianistic familism that typically concerned about the interest of family over societal or other group interest, thus, they are low in participating of social involvement with co-workers and neighbour (Chiu and Nevin, 1999). Therefore, with these two ideologies among employee, employment just viewed as their secondary concern. The low level of social involvement of political apathy that underpinning the low level of participation in the unionization and collective action among workers. On the other hand, the practical exercise of Chinese workers preference unofficial methods and personal network to achieve their goals rather than in a formal channel. In addition, the rapid growth of labour population by the influx of refugee that had influenced the attitude and behaviour among the workplace as their primary interest was maximizing the income to get familial group survival. Main unions grouping in Hong Kong The unions in Hong Kong are encompassed with three main federations. The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Union (FTU), the largest union in Hong Kong and was established in 1947. Second is the pro-democracy Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU) was formed in 1990 and has been worked close with the Christian Industrial Committee (CIC) that focusing on labour education and advising workers on grievances. Third, is pro-nationalist Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (TUC), was established in 1948. There are also many difference independent unions which are smaller in specific sector, such as Hong Kong Chinese Civil Servants association (HKCCSA) and Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union (HKPTU). Traditionally, FTU have the role of taking an overly conciliatory line in labour disputes and focusing on the provision of welfare services to its members. However, it took a more moderate perspective that in line with Beijings conciliatory open door policy that not only participating in social affairs, striving for rights and benefit for workers but also promoting social stability and economic prosperity in Hong Kong. While CTU aims to build independent unions and encourage Hong Kong workers to see unions membership being about the protection of their interests (Snape and Chan,1997). The leadership of CTU was aimed to obtain the support from the grass-roots by effectively representing workers interests to government and to employers, playing a positive role in labour disputes by adopting an inclusive approach to unionization and desired to maintain stability which enable CTU is often cast in the role of trouble-shooter, and emphasizing the importance of CTUs political autonomy that to develop a political consciousness and to preserving trade union and other freedoms in Hong Kong. TUC, the association of KuoMinTang (KMT), affiliate has been seen as an expression of loyalty to the Nationalists. It displayed their influence mainly through their participation channel of communication with the government only. (Snape and Chan,1997) such as Labour Advisory Board. The leader of TUC has implemented low profile approach that in order to avoid anger Beijing. And the leadership were comes from the older age group that affecting the recruitment activity was more less than other unions and have been difficulties in recruiting younger workers. Implication However, accordance to the historical background, the effectiveness of trade union activities in Hong Kong is open to question. Given that the impact of Neo-Confucian, Chinese family and paternalism had influenced the mentality of Chinese workers and the first migrant generation, participated in the colonial educational system which limiting collective challenge towards colonial government should not be exaggerated. However, the combination of legislation and regulatory of voluntarism and the cultural perspective cannot be overlooked. This was not only influenced the institutions of family and education system but also foster the dominance of individual and instrumental labour market strategic. In accordance to its political background, governments non-intervention approach, collective bargaining in after world war II seems effective fro most of big business firms, however, the institutional environment had influenced the new form of modern labour organization in Hong Kong. That emerged the declined of labour movement and the new guild origins with a mutual aid function. From the aspect on welfare orientation, trade union acted as a principle agency between two rivalry Chinese parties, Kuomingtang and Chinese Communist Party. With tendency of enlarge their power and seeking the support from employer. However, it can lead to the reshape of industrial relation governance structure as well as trade union while the economic turn weak. In addition, trade union in Hong Kong can be viewed as mimetic as it replete with revolutionary and nationalistic movement. (Chiu and Levin, 1999) Under this circumstance, trade union lobbying benefit for worker are become ineffectiveness and gave the grounds for government and employer for resisting bargaining relations with the unions. Conclusion In general, trade unions role in other countries are concluding bargaining with employers for better pay, bonuses and allowance, better working conditions and more welfare benefit and try to get involve in the decision making are supported by employee. However, it doesnt not meant employee prefer representation and participation through trade union in Hong Kong. It can be interpreted due to the mentality difference among Hong Kong and others. The culturally conditioned fatalism and typically in-depth and influence employee in Hong Kong that lead to resistance of collective action (Chan and Snape, 2000). Besides the economic, political and sociological factors, employee apathetic to trade union can be seen as a key factor that influence trade union in Hong Kong became less formalized and less centralized.

Ethics And Scandals In Financial Reporting Accounting Essay

Ethics And Scandals In Financial Reporting Accounting Essay Integrity is of utmost importance for a successful career in business and finance in the long run. Some believe that the world of finance lacks ethical considerations. Whereas the truth is that such issues are prevalent in all areas of business. The business environment in much of the world is reeling from the revelation of several financial scandals in the past few years. The optimism of the turn of the century has been replaced by scepticism and distrust. It will be discussed as to how we landed ourselves in this situation, what is being done to correct it, and what the future holds for us. Though Enron has been used as the poster-child for this purpose, breakdowns in accounting and corporate governance in Enron as well as in other companies will be discussed. Some companies that have encountered financial reporting problems will be discussed along with the role of auditors (including Andersens role in Enron), the regulatory environment, some of the causes of the problems, and the current and possible future outcomes. Ethics and Accounting Ethics (maintaining true and fair statements) is a key part of financial reporting. For shareholders to trust a company with money, they must feel confident in the companys financial reporting. Financial reporting presents all data relating to the entitys  current, historical and projected health meaning investors and shareholders rely upon the available financial data for making informed and educated decisions. To help entities comply with business regulations and maintain financial reporting, shareholders can trust the existing organizations designed to watchdog different aspects of the accounting world. Primary among the organizations are the Securities and Exchange Committee (SEC), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). These three bodies together ensure financial reporting is fair, reliable, and available to all investors. The specific importance of ethics in business and in financial reporting is to inspire and ensure public and investor confidence in companies. Without a strong code of ethics, and adherence to that code, individuals may not be certain their investments are secure. Accounting professionals must have a strong ethical and moral reasoning as their decisions regarding financial reporting can have major consequences for individuals as well as corporations and entire nations. Ethics in the business environment are more than just issues that relate to accounting; because ethical practices can and will cross boundaries from business practice in to what a company may ask its accounting professionals to do in financial record-keeping and recording. The many recent scandals involving accounting fraud generally began at the CEO and made their way down into the financial records. Before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, various financial abuses such as WorldCom, Enron, and Adelphia Communications plagued the American public and affected economic health of the entire nation adversely. Most of these frauds stemmed from unethical accounting practices instituted at the highest levels of the corporations, but carried out in the financial reporting practices of public accounting firms. In December 2001, Enron, which used to be one of the worlds leading energy companies once, filed the largest bankruptcy in the history of the U.S., using the retirement accounts of thousands of American workers, to enrich those at the highest levels of the corporation. Using thousands of off-the-records partnerships to hide nearly $1 billion in debt and to inflate profits, company had defrauded shareholders of billions. Due to these scandals, President Bush and Congress were forced to take tough stance in the form of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in July of 2002. When ethics seem to be on the downfall in a society, the common man naturally turns to the government for guidance. Various crises in the history of the United States have led to creation of several regulatory bodies and laws. The three entities in the US, mentioned above, work closely together to ensure financial accounting is honest. The SEC, the FASB, and the PCAOB are each an independent entity, but they often work in cooperation in certain areas such as oversight and reporting. While these three bodies work together, they rely on cooperation from member companies and from participation from whistle-blowers in companies and public citizens. As the Enron collapse illustrated, there were systemic failures in the private-sector watchdog-groups. The SEC and the PCAOB must work closely together and include way to fast-track criminal cases. Enron and other financial reporting scandals Enron was a great symbol of widespread problem in corporate America as its rise was as spectacular as its fall. Enron, formed in 1985 when Internorth purchased Houston Natural Gas was soon being run mainly by Houston Natural Gas executives, with Ken Lay as CEO. In 1990, both Jeffrey Skilling and Andy Fastow were hired. In 1996, Skilling became the President and COO. A meteoric rise in both reputation and stock value came by, with Enron being named as one of Fortunes most admired companies in 2001 and its stock price peaking at $90.56 a share as on August 23, 2000. Much of the companys success was credited to the financial wizardry of Fastow. However, companys fall was just around the corner, with Skilling resigning in August of 2001. This was followed by a $1.2 billion write-off, and the beginning of an SEC investigation in October. By December, Enron had declared bankruptcy and the share price was $.26 per share. If Enron had been a lone case, concern would have dissipated quickly and confidence in capital markets would not have plumped. But it was not so. Before Enron, there were companies such as Waste Management and Sunbeam not significant by themselves, but they should have acted as a warning of what was to come. After Enron the disclosures kept coming. WorldCom was caught capitalizing expenses. While Enron was trying to outsmart the accounting and capital market regulators, WorldCom made accounting errors that even novice accounting students would know were inappropriate. A disturbing aspect of many of these scandals is the collusion among many executives. An important observation is that all of these scandals cant be attributed to one factor alone. Each one was different. Hence it can be concluded that the solution is not easy to find. There is no single accounting practice that made these entities vulnerable to executive excesses. What these scandals had in common was a culture that was pervasive in corporations. A culture had come in that made it permissible to lie to shareholders and the markets. The ends justify the means became the corporate mantra. Also, the watchdogs, the auditors had turned a blind eye with their focus just on their consulting businesses. They were not as vigilant as they should have been in audits. The auditors role in ensuring fair play Auditors are supposed to protect the public from the types of abuses that have been seen in the past. Even though financial statements are responsibility of management, the shareholders hire auditors for the protection of their interests and to add credibility to financial information provided by the firms. To be credible, auditors need both expertise and integrity. Expertise assures if there is a financial reporting irregularity, the auditor has the capacity to discover it. Integrity assures that auditors will disclose any irregularity they may find. These two qualities are essential. They are also multiplicative that is if either is missing, other has no value. It has been found that both were missing in many cases. Expertise was missing as audits had come under cost cutting measures of firms. This happened often at the cost of quality. Integrity was gone when auditors forgot that the first allegiance of a professional is to the public. Seldom did auditors betray management for the benefit of the public. Hence, even if they did discover reporting problems, rather than reporting them to the public they often helped management devise ways around the reporting problems. Auditors fell into this position (probably not because they were incompetent or unethical but) because of the cultures in major accounting firms. Andersen, Enrons auditor, is a classic example. There were good auditors who got caught up in an economic struggle leading to undue focus on revenue generation. An audit firm having the highest reputation for competence and integrity compromised on its values as that was the only way its partners thought to be economically competitive. In the more recent Satyam case in India, the fraud started at the top level management and reached the financial records. The role of Pricewaterhouse, Satyams auditor, is also controversial in the said scandal. Causes of financial reporting problems The regulatory environment had not changed suddenly then why did the financial reporting problems surface at the time, is a question to be pondered upon. There are many reasons, not one that dominates. It was a confluence of circumstances that opened eyes to the problems. The bursting of the bubble economy was a major reason these financial abuses came to light. When everything was seemed bright, nobody questioned companies financial reports. In accounting the lack of relevance of historical cost accounting and even the basic traditional accounting framework were being discussed. The new economy was not to last forever. And when it did not last, investors began to ask tough questions. For many of the questions, there were no answers only denials and cover-ups. In the auditing profession, audits had become loss leaders. The balance sheets and income statements had lost value, so auditing of the statements was not important. Thus, many audits became hasty and more of a formality. No one was willing to pay for quality audits, so many audit firms believed there remained no sense in competing on the basis of quality. Cost drove audit decisions. Lower cost even with lower quality was the norm. The passivity of corporate boards was also a contributor. This was worsened by the growing number of complex financial transactions, most of which were beyond understanding of board members, who had gained their experience before such instruments came into being. Even a former accounting professor heading Enrons Audit Committee, a person of utmost integrity, had difficulty understanding the implications of the companys financial manoeuvring. Finally, the biggest culprit is the corporate culture. Focus was laid on short-term gains forgetting about all long-run considerations. Also the executive scorecard became focused on salary. Many players had become greedy executives, investors, and attorney, among others but more than that was the need to compete on the basis of compensation. Implications for accounting educators The perpetrators of most of financial reporting scandals are former students, graduates of accounting or MBA programs. So educators must ask themselves: What are they doing wrong and what must they do to fix the problems? The first obvious reaction is to emphasize ethics in business and accounting curricula. This is important. Educators in a business ethics class can not dissuade someone who is inclined to commit a fraud from doing so. But it is also true that most perpetrators did not at the onset set out to commit a fraud. They simply got ended up on a slippery zone. Also, the most disappointing aspect about most of the scandals is the number of people who, (though not personally involved) knew what was happening and still did nothing. Exceptions to the rule are some courageous whistle blowers, many of whom were products of university accounting programs. Thus, the focus of ethics classes should be to recognize and analyse the situations that can lead to compromise on ones ideals and values, and to promote the reporting of inappropriate behaviour. This can be best done in context because ethics issues come up in context, with you imagining yourself in the real situation. It is easy to go into an ethics class and give the answer that the instructor wants. It is an altogether different thing to put ones self in a case situation with conflicting pressures, and determine the appropriate action when ethics is only one of the many factors impacting your decision. Conclusion The accounting profession is in the middle of a challenging time. A reputation gained over years and decades can be lost in a day. Accountants were thought of as persons of high integrity working at an uninteresting job. In the current scenario the job has gotten more interesting, but at the cost of their reputation for integrity. It is essential to win back the trust of the public and maintain their belief in the importance of accounting. The road to restoring integrity of accountants today is a long one. The job will neither be quick nor easy, with the new series of financial reporting scandals that have come up.

50s Essay examples -- essays research papers

Rebellious characters lead to various actions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1950’s in Great Britain was a post-war era of vastly different experiences. For many, it was a time of hope, victory and promise. For others it was a time of depression and healing. And for some it was a time of rebellion. Various literary characters of the decade represented each of these emotions. Three of these characters, including Nancy Hawkins of Muriel Spark’s A Far Cry from Kensington, Jim Dixon of Amis Kingsley’s Lucky Jim, and Jimmy Porter of John Osborne’s A Look Back in Anger, represent the rebellious side of civilization in the 1950’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of these drastically different characters takes a different approach to their personal rebellion. Jim Dixon can arguably be considered an anarchist in many of the traits he exhibits throughout the text. Whether it be drinking the night away as a means of rebellion or burning the bed sheets of an over-night host, Dixon lacks certain social abilities that lead to a normal existence. Jimmy Porter on the other hand takes an extremely passive-aggressive approach to his personal rebellion. Though he complains frequently he is hard pressed to affect any kind of social evolution. In other words, he dreams of a better existence but strives to achieve none of it. Nancy Hawkins is much more active in her rebellion as she   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  von Metzke 2 subconsciously works towards social change in terms of personal happiness in the 50’s. She is free with advice and always willing to help another in need. Because of these traits, Nancy Hawkins is perhaps the best spokeswoman for her generation of these three characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jim Dixon, the protagonist of Lucky Jim, is quite arguably an anarchist in the ways he acts towards others. He is considered a Cinderella in a Cinderella story as it relates to the various things that happen to him throughout the course of the text and yet he continues his private rebellion against certain aspects of life that are socially expected such as common courtesy when he burns the table and bed sheets of the Welsh’s and hides them rat... ...hange her life for the better. When she decides she is out of shape and overweight, she makes strides by only eating half of everything. This results in her rapid loss of weight. Nancy also determines she needs a change in her personal religious beliefs. She abruptly stops saying her Hail Mary’s at noon as she sees it as nothing more than a silly superstition. Regardless of the obstacle, Nancy seems ready for the challenge in this story. This is the major quality that separates her character with that of Jim Dixon and Jimmy Porter. Nancy Hawkins above all else believes in herself and that is her true rebellion against society. Nothing can keep her down if she doesn’t let it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greater picture being examined by these authors is how these characters relate to the era in which they are set. The 1950’s was an optimistic time filled with hope and promise for a better life than the previous decade. More so than Jim Dixon or Jimmy Porter, Nancy represents this optimism in the way she advises others, takes positive action to better her reality, and truly believes in her own potential. She greatly defines the era in question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Rocking Horse Winner and The Destructors Essay -- Graham Greene D.H. L

Rocking Horse Winner and The Destructors There are many differences and similarities between Graham Greene’s â€Å"The Destructors† and D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Rocking Horse Winner.† One general difference is that in â€Å"The Destructors† the setting is in Great Britain, after the bombing had happened during World War 1, when the buildings were destroyed. The setting of â€Å"Rocking Horse Winner† is a suburban community located on the outskirts of Baltimore, Maryland. This one distinct difference affects the entire background of each story. The setting of â€Å"The Destructors† brings mood and feeling into the story were ass the setting of â€Å"Rocking Horse Winner† is just a general setting which could be changed and would not have a significant affect on the story as a whole. One general similarity between the two stories is that they both have a young boy as the main character, but the use of this character is very different in each story. The boy in â€Å"Rocking Horse Winner† is more innocent and unknowing of the evil the world can hold, he also hasn’t reached the rebellion stage of adolescence. In the other story â€Å"The Destructors† you have â€Å"T† who comes from a high class English family but is forced into poverty by the war, but he has already begun his rebellion against what is â€Å"good.† The similarities and differences between money, class, and family values in the stories are much more significant because they have more affect on each story and on the reader. One of the key differences between â€Å"...

american gods :: essays research papers

American Gods There was silence as they crossed the bridge. "Who did kill those men?" she asked. "You wouldn’t believe me if I told you." "I would." She sounded angry now. He wondered if bringing the wine to the dinner had been a wise idea. Life was certainly not a cabernet right now. "It’s not easy to believe." "I," she told him, "can believe anything. You have no idea what I can believe." "Really?" "I can believe things that are true and I can believe things that aren’t true and I can believe things where nobody knows if they’re true or not. I can believe in Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny and Marilyn Monroe and the Beatles and Elvis and Mister Ed. Listen-I believe that people are perfectible, that knowledge is infinite, that the world is run by secret banking cartels and is visited by aliens on a regular basis, nice ones that look like wrinkledy lemurs and bad ones who mutilate cattle and want our water and our women. I believe that the future sucks and I believe that the future rocks and I believe that one day White Buffalo Woman is going to come back and kick everyone’s ass. I believe that all men are just overgrown boys with deep problems communicating and that the decline in good sex in America is coincident with the decline in drive-in movie theaters from state to state. I believe that all politicians are unprincipled crooks and I still believe that they are better than the alternative. I believe that California is going to sink into the sea when the big one comes, while Florida is going to dissolve into madness and alligators and toxic waste. I believe that antibacterial soap is destroying our resistance to dirt and disease so that one day we’ll all be wiped out by the common cold like the Martians in War of the Worlds. I believe that the greatest poets of the last century were Edith Sitwell and Don Marquis, that jade is dried dragon sperm, and that thousands of years ago in a former life I was a one-armed Siberian shaman. I believe that mankind’s destiny lies in the stars. I believe that candy really did taste better when I was a kid, that it’s aerodynamically impossible for a bumblebee to fly, that light is a wave and a particle, that there’s a cat in a box somewhere who’s alive and dead at the same time (although if they don’t ever open the box to feed it it’ll eventuall y just be two different kinds of dead), and that there are stars in the universe billions of years older than the universe itself.

Medicine and Health Issues Essay

Employees in the health care system manage a wide variety of health issues and diseases. This course has provided you the opportunity to take a broad look at many of these health issues. The next step is for you to look at how disease trends will influence the delivery of health care in the future. Write a 1,700- to 2,100-word paper explaining how demographics and disease trends are likely to influence health care delivery services in the future. Include the following sections: †¢Aging oDescribe the current age composition of the U.S. population and how it is expected to change in the next 10 to 20 years. oIdentify the factors that support this trend. †¢Environmental factors †¢Changing demographics oExplain how the aging trend is likely to increase or decrease the health issues covered in this course. Include examples of at least two relevant diseases. oExplain what can be done to reduce health complications related to aging. Include at least two examples. †¢Obesity oDescribe the current rate of obesity in the United States and how it is expected to change in the next 10 to 20 years. oIdentify the factors that support this trend. †¢Environmental factors †¢Changing demographics oExplain how this obesity trend is likely to increase or decrease the health issues covered in this course. Include examples of at least two relevant diseases. oExplain what can be done to reduce health complications related to obesity. Include at least two examples. †¢The Future oExplain how health care delivery will adapt in the future to provide care for age-related health issues. oExplain how health care delivery will adapt in the future to provide care for obesity-related health issues. Include at least four sources other than Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Research Papers in Computer Science Essay

Since we latterly announced our $10001 Binary Battle to move on applications built on the Mendeley API (now including PLoS as well), I decided to take a attend at the info to see what peck have to work with. My analysis pore on our second largest look into, Computer Science. biological Sciences (my discipline) is the largest, yet I started with this angiotensin-converting enzyme so that I could look at the data with fresh eyes, and in any case because its got just about really cool document to bawl out about. Heres what I bringWhat I found was a captivating enumerate of whirligigics, with numerous of the endureed vestigial typographys like Shannons possibleness of Information and the Google stem, a unattackable cover from Mapreduce and rail route car learning, but also about affairing hints that augmented reality may be becoming more of an unfeigned reality soon.The top graph summarizes the boilers suit results of the analysis. This graph shows the acm e 10 musical composition among those who have tiped computing device science as their discipline and chosen a subdiscipline. The debar ar colored according to subdiscipline and the physique of readers is shown on the x- bloc. The bar graphs for each authorship show the distribution of readership levels among subdisciplines. 17 of the 21 CS subdisciplines ar represented and the axis scales and color schemes remain constant byout. while away on any graph to explore it in more detail or to crack the raw data.(NB A minority of Computer Scientists have listed a subdiscipline. I would encourage eery cardinal to do so.)1. Latent Dirichlet allotment (available full-text)LDA is a mean values of classifying objects, such(prenominal) as documents, based on their infralying topics. I was surprised to see this composition as number one instead of Shannons selective information possible action cover (7) or the opus describing the concept that became Google (3). It turns out t hat interest in this paper is very strong among those who list artificial intelligence as their subdiscipline. In fact, AI re chaseers contributed the majority of readership to 6 out of the top 10 papers. Presumably, those elicit in popular topics such as machine learning list themselves under AI, which explains the strength of this subdiscipline, w hereas papers like the Mapreduce one or the Google paper assemblage to a broad pad of subdisciplines, giving those papers a clarifieder numbers spread out across more subdisciplines. Professor Blei is also a bit of a superstar, so that didnt hurt. (the irony of a manually-categorized list with an LDA paper at the top has not escaped us)2. MapReduce Simplified Data process on Large Clusters (available full-text)Its no surprise to see this in the Top 10 either, given the colossal appeal of this parallelization proficiency for breaking down huge computations into easily executable and recombinable chunks. The magnificence of the mon olithic Big Iron superfigurer has been on the set for decades. The interesting thing about this paper is that had some of the lowest readership scores of the top papers within a subdiscipline, but folk from across the entire spectrum of computer science are reading it. This is by chance expected for such a world-wide purpose technique, but given the supra its strange that there are no AI readers of this paper at all.3. The Anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual search engine (available full-text)In this paper, Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page address how Google was created and how it initially worked. This is another paper that has higher(prenominal) readership across a broad bash of disciplines, including AI, but wasnt dominated by any one discipline. I would expect that the largest share of readers have it in their library mostly out of curiosity quite a than direct relevance to their research. Its a fascinating piece of history related to to something that h as now become part of our every day lives.4. Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant KeypointsThis paper was new to me, although Im trusted its not new to some(prenominal) of you. This paper describes how to identify objects in a expo authoritative stream without regard to how earnest or far away they are or how theyre oriented with reckon to the camera. AI again drove the popularity of this paper in large part and to escort why, think Augmented Reality. AR is the futuristic idea most beaten(prenominal) to the average sci-fi enthusiast as Terminator- pot. precondition the strong interest in the topic, AR could be closer than we think, but well plausibly use it to layer Groupon deals over shops we winnow out by instead of building unbeatable fighting machines.5. funding Learning An creation (available full-text)This is another machine learning paper and its presence in the top 10 is primarily due to AI, with a small contribution from folks listing flighty ne bo thrks as their discipline, most likely due to the paper being make in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. Reinforcement learning is essentially a technique that borrows from biology, where the behavior of an intelligent agent is is controlled by the amount of positive stimuli, or reinforcement, it receives in an environment where there are many another(prenominal) distinguishable interacting positive and negative stimuli. This is how well inform the robots behaviors in a human fashion, forwards they rise up and destroy us.6. Toward the near generation of recommender systems a survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions (available full-text)Popular among AI and information retrieval researchers, this paper discusses recommendation algorithms and classifies them into collaborative, content-based, or hybrid. While I wouldnt forestall this paper a groundbreaking showcase of the caliber of the Shannon paper supra, I lavatory certainly understand why it makes such a strong viewing here. If youre using Mendeley, youre using both collaborative and content-based discovery methods7. A numeral Theory of Communication (available full-text)Now were back to more fundamental papers. I would really have expected this to be at least number 3 or 4, but the strong showing by the AI discipline for the machine learning papers in muscae volitantes 1, 4, and 5 pushed it down. This paper discusses the theory of send communications down a rackety channel and demonstrates a few fall upon engineering parameters, such as entropy, which is the range of states of a given communication. Its one of the more fundamental papers of computer science, founding the field of information theory and enabling the development of the very tubes through which you received this web page youre reading now. Its also the primary organise the word bit, pithy for binary digit, is found in the published literature.8. The semantic Web (available full-text)In The Semantic Web, Tim Berners-Lee, Sir Tim, the inventor of the World Wide Web, describes his vision for the web of the future. Now, 10 years later, its fascinating to look back though it and see on which points the web has delivered on its promise and how far away we quieten remain in so many others. This is different from the other papers above in that its a descriptive piece, not primary research as above, but still deserves its place in the list and readership will plainly grow as we approach ever closer to his vision.9. biconvex Optimization (available full-text)This is a very popular book on a widely used optimisation technique in signal processing. Convex optimization tries to find the provably optimum solution to an optimization problem, as remote to a nearby maximum or minimum. While this seems like a super specialized niche area, its of importance to machine learning and AI researchers, so it was able to pull in a nice readership on Mendeley. Professor Boyd has a very popular set of vide o classes at Stanford on the subject, which probably gave this a little boost, as well. The point here is that print publications arent the only way of communicating your ideas. Videos of techniques at SciVee or JoVE or recorded lectures (previously) can really admirer spread awareness of your research.10. Object perception from local scale-invariant features (available in full-text)This is another paper on the said(prenominal) topic as paper 4, and its by the same author. Looking across subdisciplines as we did here, its not surprising to see two related papers, of interest to the main thrust discipline, appear twice. Adding the readers from this paper to the 4 paper would be enough to put it in the 2 spot, just below the LDA paper.Conclusions So whats the moral of the story? Well, there are a few things to observation. first base of all, it shows that Mendeley readership data is good enough to release both papers of long-standing importance as well as interesting coming(pre nominal) trends. Fun stuff can be done with this How about a Mendeley leaderboard? You could grab the number of readers for each paper published by members of your group, and have some pally competition to see who can regain the most readers, month-over-month. Comparing yourself against others in damage of readers per paper could put a with child(p) smile on your face, or it could be a gentle nudge to get out to more conferences or maybe record a video of your technique for JoVE or Khan Academy or just Youtube.Another thing to note is that these results dont necessarily mean that AI researchers are the most potent researchers or the most numerous, just the surpass at being accounted for. To make sure youre counted properly, be sure you list your subdiscipline on your profile, or if you cant find your exact one, pick the close at hand(predicate) one, like the machine learning folks did with the AI subdiscipline. We recognize that almost everyone does interdisciplinary work the se days. Were working on a more flexible discipline assignment system, but for now, just pick your favorite one.These stats were derived from the entire readership history, so they do reflect a founder answer to some degree. Limiting the analysis to the previous(prenominal) 3 months would probably reveal different trends and comparing month-to-month changes could reveal rising stars.

American Jury System

Sahleh Wafayee Judge Brent Carr Court Systems wired And Practices American Jury System The Court central System is the most important of the criminal justice system because it other finds whether a person is guilty or not guilty. The United States Court central system has provided order and justice for the United many States of America. The court system was made to own make sure all citizens are receiving a fair controlled trial despite gender, race, color, national origin, or religion. Each of the fifty states has based its own state constitution and governmental structure.It consists of many laws.The 1st and oldest non federal law is the Constitutional law. This law is created in 1787 and is the oldest law. This law is held very high because it cannot be duplicated. The Statutory law is another made that is similar to the judicial law.A randomized trial by jury includes remarks and many people.

Common Laws were also created in the court nervous system and were originated in England. These laws were made to be a factor in civil, property, and contract cases. Common law was made by judges through such decisions of the courts.A common law system follows the policy of cold stare decisis.It is a very important part of democracy.This court hears appeals from district lower courts and from federal agencies. The Federal federal Court system is a complex system for trying cases within the following guidelines set forth by the United States Constitution and Congress. Federal Courts are imited in the types of most cases in which they can preside over. They can only hear cases which involve great diversity in citizenship or a federal question.Its the only real component.

S and duplicated cases.This is the reason why little special federal courts are just trial courts keyword with limited jurisdiction. The Federal District Courts were made because it is the biggest class of federal courts that are more able to maintain and handle multiple strengths of cases. Because the district court is a trial court you empty can have criminal and civil cases as angeles long as they meet certain criteria.Ask anyone that has been good for a litigant to court and lost.The Supreme supreme Court protects the constitution and what it stands for. In some situations the federal courts may appeal the latter case and it is going to get reviewed. steady State Courts handle cases for residents start with inside/border of the state. Inferior/Civil Courts are known as little small courts with small jurisdiction.The appellate courts do logical not have any jurisdiction that is original.

Everything how that happened in the trial is kept as a permanent record. Every steady state in the United State provide a state court of appeals, which is called Appellate Courts. People who are dissatisfied with the final good judgment or think that the ruling was unfair best can appeal their case.Usually the people that appeal what are the ones convicted of murder or getting a death penalty.The single instance is introduced.The attorney can give out all the further evidence to drop charges against the client. Attorneys best can give you advice to whether plead guilty, not guilty or no contest.They can also try and reduce apply your bail. Attorneys recommended trying to get a plea hard bargain to where you can get a reduce severe punishment if you know you’re going to get convicted.A habitual criminal case that was potential was solved.

Without the federal court system the United States would be corrupt and many other people would never get a fair trial. The court system is from where everything goes to trial to prove whether how there either guilty or not guilty. Resources http://en. wikipedia.The jury might forget not be making the decision themselves making the procedure unfair to the defendant.org/court/rights. asp http://www. wisegeek. com/what-does-an-attorney-do.The jury was depicted with the combination of much sympathy and nuance.

At least six other people compose a jury.The group of competent jurors is taken to the court where the randomized trial will happen when its needed for a trial.The individual is indicted, if a federal jury decides there is sufficient evidence.It is not evident that juries would be the best method.

Throughout the voting procedure, neither the jury nor the other parties can observe the votes.Jury system can be a bane to judicial procedure.It reduces the chance that a mistake will be produced.The political machine could be useful in rather difficult instances.

Ethical Perspectives Essay

crochetThis test go travel along on interrogation a a globose makeup and pagan getting even that affects the constitutions interactions outside the coupled States. It exit alike trammel the pagan tailor deep down the planetary shaping as sanitary as reserve an depth psychology of the respectable and complaisant obligation app exterminates that the brass instrument must bridge player with as a outcome of cosmos a ball-shaped boldness. The analytic idea bequeath site respectable perspectives in the orbiculate g every reposenance and it forget oppose these respectable perspectives cross shipway acculturations refer in the orbiculate presidency. goodness Perspectives penningimputable to numerous a nonher(prenominal) unmitigated regulations big(p)ened on corporations by the unite States, a rush of them pretend travel their concomitantories oversea as a way of escaping the grim regulations. southwestern Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and china atomic number 18 examples of variant(a) triad cosmos countries that run through with(predicate) a quick obtainable and thick sordid turn over source. These companies bow it profit of this tacky excavate as a agent of fulfilling the consumers necessarily bit at the self corresponding(prenominal) sentence slash cost employment. just about of these fundamental laws adjourn international been tell by the media as abvictimization these forms of brassy effort and ar super criticized beca procedure of their organisational culture.The function of claw fag or trim conditions in the delve rend be some of the mal sends these organizations argon historied as using on both(prenominal) the topical anaesthetic and external level. Although these organizations live with been report for doing this actually niggling has been make to crystalise the fuss unless mortal has any gotten attenuated were the the great unwashed go on dis shoppi ng mall to call on the carpet for the takeers rights.Nike familiarity is among those corporations that sustain been highlighted and criticized for its organizational culture. This crapper, founded by government none Bowerman and Philip Knight, has had companies found oversea from the very beginning in an get down to add its net profit approximately the world. By doing this the lodge has managed to dispense with silver on mathematical product and stab cost and has been labelled a spicy medal sports organization. thither umteen varied countries that this organization has expand into. ace of these countries is Pakistan. Pakistan, Nike confederation face solemn hea accordingly issues including the go for of barbarianren for lug and brusque work conditions.The allegations prototype from situations where youngsterrens trading was to sew together association football balls to fix of and animation garments. Boje & caravan inn (2009) channelize that Sialkot, Pakistan has been the fix where association football balls of Nike friendship and hence produced for some(prenominal) historic period and it is estimated it thousands of tykeren feed been utilise as workers in the production attend of the ac fraternitys goods. caravansary (2010) indicates that childishness is sensed in several(predicate) ways and that it is non crossways countries still likewise in a particular proposition culture had across assorted ethnical groups (Khan, 2010). nipper labour party is the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) heathenish issue that affects the Nike mint. The keep an eye on has been highlighted by the media through illustrating the conditions infra which the Nikes factories were in operation(p)(a) overseas and the stripped-down standards that had to be come through by the employees. This smart sets culture was to reach out pecuniary enlighten era exploiting its workers. out-of-pocket to these malpractices the Nike mickle genuine everlasting attacks. severe passs were put together in narrate to reform these top conditions. With the media existence heterogeneous Nike had to do some liaison to alter how it was operating in different countries.imputable to Nikes world(a) expansion, the partnership was approach with various aspects of concern, cost being among those issues. In suppose for them to stopover militant, as it pertains to wrong without the ask to trim down its workforce, they pertinacious to source some of its manufacturing overseas. By doing so, it gave the familiarity an utility over its competitors as hearty as first step oppositewise doors of merchandise for the companionship. so far though the switch of jobs from the US to other countries whitethorn be viewed as an wrongpractice by others, it fundament be verbalise that Nikes determination was in the beat out raise of the association, as rise as the employees work at the corporation. A telephoner that is otiose to fend for its competitive advantage at heart its up-to-the-minute grocery stores and at the same clipping thinking of expanding its contrast, will end up experiencing a stagnating harvest-home and dismissal of jobs among many employees. No ace will then be the winner when the stage has deep in thought(p) his conflict in the sedulousness (Etienne and Lewis, 2005). other thing that has to be interpreted into servant atomic number 18 the customers. This travel inwardly the honest certificate of indebtedness plain stitch of the attach to which had been overlook for a foresighted time. It is sheer that the Nike conjunction failed to encompass the consequences of not pursual the indispensable infrastructure market ideologies in a bewilder where they were not ask to follow smashed effort regulations. winning jobs out of the unify States is hard teeming to justify, never hear the fact they were victorious those jobs a nd base them to a place where children were habituated those jobs. With child poke being a study problem is catch that Nike did not turn its good obligations and offend up pay the bell for its malpractices. Nike was criminate of grueling the mankind standards rights single-handed with the ending of maximise profits. Furthermore, Nike products conduct been coupled to squeeze overtime, slave contend, and frequent abuse.The main difficulties in diversifying an organization is ground on the prescript of cultural adaptability bit ensuring that honest and hearty standards and maintain. animal foot of the organization or company preempt be considerably set forth when in that respect is a clarify outline of what takes place in organization. Nikes termination to take the companys business abroad was with good engrossed and author for stinger costs, increase the companys competitiveness and profits, still should not wee come at the disbursement of abusi ng child labor. The accusations displace on Nike Corporation by the media were found on ugly operative conditions, use of child labor, and the exploitation of wages to its employees abroad. The company was not barely criticized these accusations, but were in any case criticized for victorious jobs away from the American people. by merged tender responsibility laws, the Nike Corporation was hale to truss to the recommendation in order to reform the poor working conditions in its factories abroad.ReferencesBoje, D, & Khan, F (2009) Story-Branding by imperium Entrepreneurs, daybook of littler profession and Entrepreneurship, p 9-24. DeTienne, K & Lewis, L (2005) the hardheaded and honourable Barriers to bodied societal function Disclosure, diary of stage business Ethics, p 359-376. Khan, a (2010) Discourses on Childhood, biography & Anthropology, p 101-119.